River and Stream Continuity Project
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TurbulenceFlow contraction at the inlet and outlet can create turbulence that inhibits or prevents animal passage. Oxygen forced into the water column at culvert outlets can disorient aquatic species and not allow them to navigate the structure opening. This is especially prevalent with perched structures. Baffles or other artificially roughened channels or structures can create turbulence that blocks movement.
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This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department ofAgriculture, under Agreement No. 2004-51130-03108.